Probably ADATA…
Well as long you SSD is not powered ON , see log it stuckt in D3 nothing can see it.
And even when some build saw it , like you see once you touched it with partition manager is gone.
From the dmesg you now posted you whole PCI bus times out.
Can you please attach lspci output too ?
I got here SSD’s connected to PCIE , M2 slot , M2 ones into PCIE card … and nothing
has any problem with these. However all my SSD’s/NVme’s are EVOs/EVOs PRO.
@bero got such strange issue on one of his boxes too , but these are kernel bugs.
There aare brunch quirck for particular disk in the kernel , just to fix such issues.
As example on this laptop:
[ 2.853586] ata1.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[ 2.854762] ata1.00: ATA-11: Samsung SSD 860 EVO 250GB, RVT01B6Q, max UDMA/133
Same way these quircks will disable or workaround other things are wrong implemented,
make for windows or simple bugs in the firmware.
That means just : these kernel have different versions , are patched , have different configuration.
But it still remains an kernel bug 
First need be detected or detected and fully functional by the kernel …
Also can you boot with nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0 please ?
( from the USB stick )